Sun Tzu Quotes: 40+ Strategic Sayings
Authentic quotes from The Art of War (孙子兵法) — the 2,500-year-old military treatise by Sun Wu that shaped strategic thinking from ancient China to modern Silicon Valley. Each entry includes Chinese characters, pinyin pronunciation, English translation, and chapter reference. Curated to distinguish what Sun Tzu actually wrote from later strategic-tradition sayings often misattributed to him.
孙武 Sun Wu
Honorific: 孙子 "Master Sun"
c. 544 – 496 BC
Spring & Autumn period
《孙子兵法》Art of War
13 chapters · ~6,000 characters
The foundational strategist of world history. His principles on deception, intelligence, and winning without fighting shaped military, business, and political thought across 2,500 years and every continent.
The 10 Most Famous Sun Tzu Quotes
These ten appear constantly in business books, military academies, and competitive strategy literature. If you only learn ten Sun Tzu quotes, learn these.
知己知彼,百战不殆
Zhī jǐ zhī bǐ, bǎi zhàn bù dài
"Know yourself and know your enemy; in a hundred battles you will never be in danger"
兵者,诡道也
Bīng zhě, guǐ dào yě
"War is a path of deception"
不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也
Bù zhàn ér qū rén zhī bīng, shàn zhī shàn zhě yě
"To subdue the enemy's troops without fighting is the highest of the high"
其疾如风,其徐如林
Qí jí rú fēng, qí xú rú lín
"Be swift like the wind, slow like the forest"
攻心为上,攻城为下
Gōng xīn wéi shàng, gōng chéng wéi xià
"Attacking the heart is best; attacking the city is worst"
声东击西
Shēng dōng jī xī
"Make a sound in the east, strike in the west"
骄兵必败
Jiāo bīng bì bài
"An arrogant army will inevitably be defeated"
将在外,君命有所不受
Jiàng zài wài, jūn mìng yǒu suǒ bù shòu
"When the general is abroad, there are some sovereign commands he need not accept"
空城计
Kōng chéng jì
"The strategy of the empty city"
打草惊蛇
Dǎ cǎo jīng shé
"Beat the grass and startle the snake"
Sun Tzu Quotes by Theme
📜 Canonical — Directly from The Art of War
These quotes come from the 13 chapters of The Art of War itself. Each one traces back to a specific passage — most often from Chapter III (谋攻篇, "Attack by Stratagem"), Sun Tzu's most-cited chapter. The most famous line in the entire book — "know yourself and know your enemy" — appears here.
知己知彼,百战不殆
Zhī jǐ zhī bǐ, bǎi zhàn bù dài
"Know yourself and know your enemy; in a hundred battles you will never be in danger"
攻心为上,攻城为下
Gōng xīn wéi shàng, gōng chéng wéi xià
"Attacking the heart is best; attacking the city is worst"
声东击西
Shēng dōng jī xī
"Make a sound in the east, strike in the west"
骄兵必败
Jiāo bīng bì bài
"An arrogant army will inevitably be defeated"
将在外,君命有所不受
Jiàng zài wài, jūn mìng yǒu suǒ bù shòu
"When the general is abroad, there are some sovereign commands he need not accept"
师出有名
Shī chū yǒu míng
"Military action must have a justifiable reason"
兵者,诡道也
Bīng zhě, guǐ dào yě
"War is a path of deception"
不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也
Bù zhàn ér qū rén zhī bīng, shàn zhī shàn zhě yě
"To subdue the enemy's troops without fighting is the highest of the high"
其疾如风,其徐如林
Qí jí rú fēng, qí xú rú lín
"Be swift like the wind, slow like the forest"
🎭 The 36 Stratagems — Sun Tzu's Spiritual Descendants
The Thirty-Six Stratagems (三十六计) is a later Chinese military classic, compiled anonymously probably during the Ming or Qing dynasty. It distills Sun Tzu's strategic principles into 36 concrete tactical recipes with memorable names. Though not written by Sun Tzu himself, every stratagem embodies his core teaching: win through deception, perception management, and indirection. They are often quoted alongside Sun Tzu's work.
🎲 Deception, Misdirection & Surprise
Sun Tzu's opening chapter declares: 兵者,诡道也 — "All warfare is based on deception." These proverbs elaborate on that principle: never let the opponent see your true intent, always present a misleading surface, and choose timing that the opponent does not expect.
声东击西
Shēng dōng jī xī
"Make a sound in the east, strike in the west"
打蛇打七寸
Dǎ shé dǎ qī cùn
"When hitting a snake, hit it at seven inches"
枪打出头鸟
Qiāng dǎ chū tóu niǎo
"The gun shoots the bird that sticks its head out"
雷声大,雨点小
Léi shēng dà, yǔ diǎn xiǎo
"The thunder is loud, but the raindrops are small"
先下手为强
Xiān xià shǒu wéi qiáng
"The one who strikes first gains the advantage"
♟️ Planning, Caution & Foresight
Sun Tzu argued that battles are won or lost before they begin — in the planning room, not on the field. Chapter I (始计, "Laying Plans") makes the case that careful strategic assessment, not bravery, decides outcomes. These proverbs elaborate on the discipline of looking ahead.
防患于未然
Fáng huàn yú wèi rán
"Prevent disaster before it occurs"
一着不慎,满盘皆输
Yī zhāo bù shèn, mǎn pán jiē shū
"One careless move loses the entire game"
人无远虑,必有近忧
Rén wú yuǎn lǜ, bì yǒu jìn yōu
"A person without long-term concerns will surely have near worries"
事以密成,语以泄败
Shì yǐ mì chéng, yǔ yǐ xiè bài
"Plans succeed through secrecy, fail through leaks"
天时不如地利,地利不如人和
Tiānshí bùrú dìlì, dìlì bùrú rénhé
"Heaven's timing is not as good as earth's advantage; earth's advantage is not as good as human harmony"
吃一堑,长一智
chī yī qiàn, zhǎng yī zhì
"Fall into a moat, grow in wisdom"
⚔️ Positioning & Decisive Action
The other half of Sun Tzu's teaching: once you have planned, observed, and deceived, strike. Choose your ground, concentrate your force, and finish. These proverbs elaborate on the moment of decision — the geography, the focal point, the kill shot.
一夫当关,万夫莫开
Yī fū dāng guān, wàn fū mò kāi
"One man guards the pass, ten thousand cannot break through"
伤其十指,不如断其一指
Shāng qí shí zhǐ, bùrú duàn qí yī zhǐ
"Hurting ten of their fingers is not as good as breaking one of their fingers"
将在谋而不在勇,兵在精而不在多
Jiàng zài móu ér bù zài yǒng, bīng zài jīng ér bù zài duō
"A general's strength lies in strategy, not bravery; soldiers should be elite, not numerous"
光脚的不怕穿鞋的
guāng jiǎo de bù pà chuān xié de
"Those with nothing to lose fear nothing"
螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后
Tángláng bǔ chán, huángquè zài hòu
"The mantis stalks the cicada, unaware of the oriole behind"
All 40+ Sun Tzu & Strategic Tradition Quotes
The complete curated collection. Sun Tzu's Art of War itself runs about 6,000 Chinese characters across 13 chapters — much of it is technical (terrain classification, supply logistics) rather than quotable. This list gathers the sayings that have entered common usage as proverbs or business maxims.
知己知彼,百战不殆
Zhī jǐ zhī bǐ, bǎi zhàn bù dài
"Know yourself and know your enemy; in a hundred battles you will never be in danger"
攻心为上,攻城为下
Gōng xīn wéi shàng, gōng chéng wéi xià
"Attacking the heart is best; attacking the city is worst"
声东击西
Shēng dōng jī xī
"Make a sound in the east, strike in the west"
骄兵必败
Jiāo bīng bì bài
"An arrogant army will inevitably be defeated"
将在外,君命有所不受
Jiàng zài wài, jūn mìng yǒu suǒ bù shòu
"When the general is abroad, there are some sovereign commands he need not accept"
师出有名
Shī chū yǒu míng
"Military action must have a justifiable reason"
兵者,诡道也
Bīng zhě, guǐ dào yě
"War is a path of deception"
不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也
Bù zhàn ér qū rén zhī bīng, shàn zhī shàn zhě yě
"To subdue the enemy's troops without fighting is the highest of the high"
其疾如风,其徐如林
Qí jí rú fēng, qí xú rú lín
"Be swift like the wind, slow like the forest"
打草惊蛇
Dǎ cǎo jīng shé
"Beat the grass and startle the snake"
空城计
Kōng chéng jì
"The strategy of the empty city"
欲擒故纵
Yù qín gù zòng
"Want to catch, therefore release"
擒贼先擒王
Qín zéi xiān qín wáng
"To catch thieves, first catch the king"
一着不慎,满盘皆输
Yī zhāo bù shèn, mǎn pán jiē shū
"One careless move loses the entire game"
一夫当关,万夫莫开
Yī fū dāng guān, wàn fū mò kāi
"One man guards the pass, ten thousand cannot break through"
防患于未然
Fáng huàn yú wèi rán
"Prevent disaster before it occurs"
伤其十指,不如断其一指
Shāng qí shí zhǐ, bùrú duàn qí yī zhǐ
"Hurting ten of their fingers is not as good as breaking one of their fingers"
打蛇打七寸
Dǎ shé dǎ qī cùn
"When hitting a snake, hit it at seven inches"
螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后
Tángláng bǔ chán, huángquè zài hòu
"The mantis stalks the cicada, unaware of the oriole behind"
人无远虑,必有近忧
Rén wú yuǎn lǜ, bì yǒu jìn yōu
"A person without long-term concerns will surely have near worries"
天时不如地利,地利不如人和
Tiānshí bùrú dìlì, dìlì bùrú rénhé
"Heaven's timing is not as good as earth's advantage; earth's advantage is not as good as human harmony"
先下手为强
Xiān xià shǒu wéi qiáng
"The one who strikes first gains the advantage"
将在谋而不在勇,兵在精而不在多
Jiàng zài móu ér bù zài yǒng, bīng zài jīng ér bù zài duō
"A general's strength lies in strategy, not bravery; soldiers should be elite, not numerous"
枪打出头鸟
Qiāng dǎ chū tóu niǎo
"The gun shoots the bird that sticks its head out"
吃一堑,长一智
chī yī qiàn, zhǎng yī zhì
"Fall into a moat, grow in wisdom"
雷声大,雨点小
Léi shēng dà, yǔ diǎn xiǎo
"The thunder is loud, but the raindrops are small"
赔了夫人又折兵
Péi le fū rén yòu zhé bīng
"Double defeat—losing everything in a failed scheme"
人情似纸张张薄,世事如棋局局新
Rén qíng sì zhǐ zhāng zhāng bó, shì shì rú qí jú jú xīn
"Human feelings are like paper—each sheet thin; worldly affairs are like chess—each game new"
逢人只说三分话
Féng rén zhǐ shuō sān fēn huà
"When meeting people, speak only thirty percent of your thoughts"
光脚的不怕穿鞋的
guāng jiǎo de bù pà chuān xié de
"Those with nothing to lose fear nothing"
无可奉告
Wú kě fèng gào
"No comment / Nothing to report"
得饶人处且饶人
Dé ráo rén chù qiě ráo rén
"Where you can spare others, do spare them"
事以密成,语以泄败
Shì yǐ mì chéng, yǔ yǐ xiè bài
"Plans succeed through secrecy, fail through leaks"
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most famous Sun Tzu quote?
The most internationally famous Sun Tzu quote is 知己知彼,百战不殆 (zhī jǐ zhī bǐ, bǎi zhàn bù dài) — "Know yourself and know your enemy; in a hundred battles you will never be in danger." It appears in Chapter III (谋攻篇, "Attack by Stratagem") of The Art of War. Sun Tzu's argument: victory follows from understanding both your own capabilities and your opponent's, not from courage alone.
Where do Sun Tzu quotes come from?
Authentic Sun Tzu quotes come from 《孙子兵法》 (Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ, "Master Sun's Military Method") — a 13-chapter military treatise written by Sun Wu (孙武) in the late 6th or 5th century BC during the Spring and Autumn period. Many quotes popularly attributed to Sun Tzu are actually from the later 36 Stratagems (三十六计) or folk military tradition.
What did Sun Tzu say about winning without fighting?
Sun Tzu's most-quoted line on this is from Chapter III: 是故百战百胜,非善之善者也;不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也 — "To win one hundred battles out of one hundred is not the pinnacle of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the pinnacle of skill." This is paired with 攻心为上,攻城为下 (attacking the heart is best, attacking the city is worst) — the strategic argument that destroying the enemy's will beats destroying their army.
Is "know yourself, know your enemy" really Sun Tzu?
Yes. The full original from Chapter III of The Art of War reads: 知彼知己,百战不殆;不知彼而知己,一胜一负;不知彼,不知己,每战必殆 — "Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be in danger. If you know yourself but not the enemy, you will win one and lose one. If you know neither, you will be in danger in every battle."
What is the Empty Fort Strategy?
The Empty Fort Strategy (空城计, kōng chéng jì) is technically from the 36 Stratagems, not directly from Sun Tzu — but it embodies Sun Tzu's principle of psychological warfare. The famous historical example: Zhuge Liang defending an undefended city against Sima Yi's army by opening the gates and playing the qin calmly on the wall. Convinced the empty fort was a trap, Sima Yi retreated.
What are the best Sun Tzu quotes for business?
The Sun Tzu quotes most cited in business contexts are: 知己知彼 (know yourself and the market), 攻心为上 (win customers' hearts, not just transactions), 声东击西 (strategic misdirection in marketing), 一着不慎,满盘皆输 (one careless move sinks the whole venture), and 伤其十指不如断其一指 (focus beats spreading thin).
How many chapters are in The Art of War?
The Art of War contains 13 chapters (篇): 1. 始计 (Laying Plans), 2. 作战 (Waging War), 3. 谋攻 (Attack by Stratagem), 4. 军形 (Tactical Dispositions), 5. 兵势 (Momentum), 6. 虚实 (Weaknesses and Strengths), 7. 军争 (Maneuvering), 8. 九变 (Variation of Tactics), 9. 行军 (The Army on the March), 10. 地形 (Terrain), 11. 九地 (The Nine Kinds of Ground), 12. 火攻 (Attack by Fire), and 13. 用间 (Use of Spies). The total text is roughly 6,000 Chinese characters — short by modern standards but extraordinarily dense.
Are all "Sun Tzu quotes" online actually from Sun Tzu?
No. The internet is full of misattributed quotes. Many quotes attributed to Sun Tzu actually come from the later 36 Stratagems, from Sima's Methods (司马法), or from folk military tradition. This page distinguishes canonical Sun Tzu quotes from the broader strategic tradition by grouping them into separate themed sections above.
☯️ Lao Tzu Quotes (Tao Te Ching)
The Daoist counterpart to Sun Tzu — where Sun Tzu teaches strategy, Lao Tzu teaches when not to fight at all.
🏛️ Confucius Quotes (Analects)
30+ authentic sayings from the Analects — the ethical foundation of East Asian thought.
📜 Ancient Chinese Proverbs
30+ sayings from pre-Qin philosophers — Confucius, Laozi, Sunzi, Zhuangzi, and more.